Heartworm, or dirofilaria, is a serious disease that primarily affects dogs and cats.
Heartworm is caused by a worm that lodges in the heart and pulmonary blood vessels. If left untreated, it can be fatal.
It is a parasitic condition that inhabits the arteries of the heart and lungs of an infected animal.
This condition is transmitted from animal to animal through mosquitoes, which, when they bite pets, carry larvae through the bloodstream to vital organs. A dog may not show symptoms until six months after its first encounter with a mosquito. This disease is often severe and can even be fatal.
How is heartworm transmitted?
The primary mode of transmission is through the bite of an infected mosquito. When a mosquito bites an infected animal, it ingests microfilariae (larvae of the worm). These larvae mature inside the mosquito and, when it bites another animal, are injected into the bloodstream, thus beginning the parasite’s life cycle.
Symptoms of heartworm disease
Symptoms can vary and are not always present in the early stages of the disease. Some of the most common signs include:
Cough: Especially after exercise.
Difficulty breathing: This may appear as excessive panting or exercise intolerance.
Fatigue: The animal may seem more tired than usual.
Abdominal swelling: Caused by fluid buildup in the abdomen.
Weight loss: Despite a good appetite.
It is important to note that many infected animals do not show symptoms until the disease is advanced.
Preventing heartworm
The best way to protect your pet from heartworm is through prevention. There are highly effective preventive medications that are administered orally or topically, killing the larvae before they develop into adult worms.
These medications must be administered regularly throughout the year, as mosquitoes can be active at any time depending on the region.
Recommendations for preventing heartworm
Consult your veterinarian: Your veterinarian will recommend the most suitable preventive medication for your pet, taking into account its weight, breed, and lifestyle.
Administer the medication regularly: Follow your veterinarian’s instructions to the letter.
Perform annual screening tests: Even if you are administering a preventive, it is important to perform annual screening tests to confirm that your pet is free of parasites.
Protect your pet from mosquitoes: Use insect repellents, mosquito nets, and limit your pet’s exposure to areas with high mosquito activity, especially during peak hours.
Treatment
If your pet is already infected, treatment can be complex and costly. Additionally, it is not always effective and can have serious side effects. That is why prevention is essential.
Remember: Heartworm disease is a serious but preventable condition. Don’t wait until it’s too late! Consult your veterinarian for more information and to protect your pet.
If you have questions related to your pet’s well-being, please write to the email: DrBorrego@petsvet.com www.petsvet.com
Dr. Enrique Borrego is the medical director of Animal General Hospital, 501 SW Port Saint Lucie Blvd, Port St Lucie, FL 34953 Tel: 772-344-8835
Serving our Treasure Coast community since 1990
Image: Esvet
