District Judge Tanya Chutkan rejected a request for a temporary restraining order filed by 14 Democratic-led states in their attempt to challenge Musk’s actions.
The states argued that Musk has unchecked authority and is violating the Constitution’s Appointments Clause, but the judge greenlit the billionaire’s access to the Executive Branch’s data systems.
As a result, Musk will be permitted to access sensitive and confidential information from various agencies, make changes to public fund disbursements, or cancel government contracts, among other powers.

Chutkan found that the states have failed to demonstrate they would suffer imminent and irreparable harm without relief.
“The court is aware that the unpredictable actions of the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) have generated considerable uncertainty and confusion for the plaintiffs and many of their agencies and residents,” she noted. “But the ‘possibility’ that the defendants might take steps that irreparably harm the plaintiffs ‘is not enough.’”
However, Chutkan added that the states’ claim that Musk’s actions violate the Appointments Clause has “serious consequences.” Citing a Supreme Court precedent, she wrote that these are the “executive abuses” the constitutional provision aims to prevent.
The judge acknowledged that while DOGE’s “unpredictable actions” have caused “considerable uncertainty and confusion,” the plaintiffs have not provided sufficient evidence that failing to block this access would result in “imminent and irreparable” harm.
It’s worth noting that President Trump issued an executive order to establish DOGE, led by Musk, on his first day in office, tasking the agency with shrinking the size of government and cutting federal spending.
Since then, DOGE employees have been deployed to more than a dozen agencies to implement Trump’s agenda. In a court filing Monday, the White House sought to clarify that Musk is not the formal head of DOGE but oversees the effort as a senior White House advisor.
Nevertheless, DOGE’s actions have raised alarms among Democrats and unions representing federal workers after it was revealed that Musk and his team had gained access to government systems.
Musk has publicly called for entire agencies to be “eliminated,” and DOGE has claimed on social media that it is responsible for canceling contracts.
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